Fonts are a generalized term for typefaces in modern days, which are sets of characters that have specific styles, fonts used to be that specific style but also a specific size. Anything you see text on has a typeface/font whether you know it or not. There are 8 types of typefaces:
Serif typefaces are characterized by small strokes or extensions at the end of their longer strokes, which are known as serifs.
Script typefaces are characterized by curly flourishes, these typefaces are often inspired by handwriting that is closer to cursive.
Sans-Serif is a typeface without serifs, typically fonts like Calibri and Arial.
Blackletter typefaces are inspired by calligraphy and were one of the first ones used on printing presses, because of this they are also referred to as gothic typefaces.
Slab-Serif fonts are the midpoint between a sans-serif and a serif font. They tend to have the base structure of a sans-serif font but with the serif embelishments.
Decorative typefaces are of many styles, but one thing they aren’t is useful. They are usually garish and extreme and only to be used for accents and titles. They are, however, great for projects like movie posters where the font needs to be iconic and stand out.
Monospace typefaces are characterized by having their characters take up the exactly same amounts of space.
Hand typefaces aim to replicate handmade typefaces or handwriting styles. Notably, this is different than a script font because they are less fancy and tend towards the fonts you would see in a comic book or on a 6th grader’s math homework.